Mouse anti-GAPDH Monoclonal Antibody

Expression patterns of claudin-5 mRNA (A) and protein (B) in the ovary after PGFinjection in pseudopregnant rats. Ovaries were processed for mRNA and protein to analyzeclaudin-5 expression after 1 PGF or 2 PGF by real-time PCR and western blotting. Theβ-actin and α-Tubulin were used as the internal control, respectively. Quantitative analysisof the western blot data is shown in the lower panel. Data are shown asmeans ± SEM (n=5). The arbitrary densitometric units of 0 h were set as 1, and theresults at other time points were expressed compared with the 0 h value. Statistical differencewas determined by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Bars with different lettersmean significant difference (P < 0.05). 1 PGF, one PGF treatment; 2 PGF, two PGFtreatments.

Changes in protein expressions of autophagy marker Beclin1 and LC in Sertoli cells induced by fluoride. a The representative images of western blotting for Beclin1 and LC.

Flow chart of the intestinal exosomal purification procedure. The left part is the process of extracting the tissue supernatant from the intestine. The intestines were washed in PBS, DTT + PBS, and EDTA + PBS, respectively, to obtain the supernatant. The right part involves the process of collecting exosomes from the supernatant. After centrifugation and filtration, the pellets (cell debris) are discarded, and the supernatant was kept for the next procedure. After centrifugation at 100,000×g, the pellets (exosomes) are obtained by discarding the supernatants

The intestines (full length) of the two mice of approximately 1 cm in diameter of exosomal precipitate were obtained, and then dissolved in 500 µl PBS at a concentration more than 1 µg/µl with quantification methods of protein using BCA Protein Assay

Characterization of exosomes from small intestinal epithelium. a Electron microscopic observation of whole-mounted exosomes purified from mouse small intestinal epithelium. The results revealed a typical cup-shaped structure and size. b Western blot analysis after separation of 30 µg of exosomes from intestinal epithelium, and immunoblotting was carried out using antibodies to CD63, HSP70, TSG101. Immunoblots are representative of at least three independent experiments. Molecular weight markers were loaded in the right lane (kDa). c Quantification of exosomal number and Nanoparticle tracking analysis for size distribution. The image shows that the exosomes from mouse small intestinal epithelium supernatants typically have a modal size from 60 to 150 nm with a peak size around 70 nm. The total vesicle count was 7.62 × 108 per milliliter

Identification of exosomal miRNAs between NCD-exos and HFD-exos by miRNA-SEq. a Venn diagram showing the coexpressed and specifically expressed miRNAs in exosomes. b Fold change in HFD-exos compared to NCD-exo was identified by volcano plot. c Changed expression miRNAs in HFD-exos, 26 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated miRNAs

The IRI mice have lower Bcl‐2 protein expression but higher protein levels of RIPK1, NF‐κB, TLR4, caspase‐3, FasL,p53, c‐myc. A, protein expression of myocardial tissues; B, gray analysis of Western blot analysis. *P< 0.05 compared with the sham group. Bcl‐2, B‐cell lymphoma‐2; IRI, ischemia‐reperfusion injury; FasL, Fas ligand; NF‐κB, nuclear factor kappa‐B; RIPK1, receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1; TLR4, Toll‐like receptor 4