10-硝基亚油酸

10-Nitrolinoleate is the product of nitration of linoleate by NO-derived reactive species.^1,2 Other nitrolinoleates detected in human plasma and urine include 9-, 12-, and 13-nitrolinoleate.³ Nitrolinoleates activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ; K_i = 133 nM), inducing CD36 expression in macrophages, adipocyte differentiation, and glucose uptake.^4,5 Nitrolinoleates can also be metabolized by smooth muscle cells to produce nitrite derivatives which in turn form NO, leading to increased cGMP production and smooth muscle relaxation.^2,6 Through the same mechanism, nitrolinoleate-derived NO suppresses leukocyte adhesion, in part through nitrosation of CD40.⁷ Alteratively, nitrolinoleates can act independently of NO/cGMP and PPARγ signaling to suppress neutrophil and macrophage functions.^1,3,8

≥95%

Store at -20℃

(9E,12Z)-10-Nitrooctadecadienoic acid;10-Nitrolinoleic acid

1.Coles, B.,Bloodsworth, A.,Clark, S.R., et al. Nitrolinoleate inhibits superoxide generation, degranulation, and integrin expression by human neutrophils: Novel antiinflammatory properties of nitric oxide-derived reactive species in vascular cells. Circulation Research 91(5), 375-381 (2002).

2.Lim, D.G.,Sweeney, S.,Bloodsworth, A., et al. Nitrolinoleate, a nitric oxide-derived mediator of cell function: Synthesis, characterization, and vasomotor activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99(25), 15941-15946 (2002).

3.Ferreira, A.M.,Ferrari, M.,Trostchansky, A., et al. Macrophage activation induces formation of the anti-inflammatory lipid cholesteryl-nitrolinoleate. Biochemistry Journal 417(1), 223-234 (2009).

4.Baker, P.R.,Lin, Y.,Schopfer, F.J., et al. Fatty acid transduction of nitric oxide signaling. Multiple nitrated unsaturated acid derivatives exist in human blood and urine serve as endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 280(51), 42464-42475 (2005).

5.Schopfer, F.J.,Lin, Y.,Baker, P.R.S., et al. Nitrolinoleic acid: An endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g ligand. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102(7), 2340-2345 (2005).

6.Lima, E.S.,Bonini, M.G.,Augusto, O., et al. Nitrated lipids decompose to nitric oxide and lipid radicals and cause vasorelaxation. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 39, 532-539 (2005).

7.Faine, L.A.,Cavalcanti, D.M.,Rudnicki, M., et al. Bioactivity of nitrolinoleate: Effects on adhesion molecules and CD40-CD40L system. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 21(2), 125-132 (2010).

8.Cui, T.,Schopfer, F.J.,Zhang, J., et al. Nitrated fatty acids: Endogenous anti-inflammatory signaling mediators. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 281(47), 35686-35698 (2006).